Wheelchair fencing is a fast-paced, thrilling and energetic sport. It is played by two athletes either as an individual event or as part of a team and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games.

Wheelchair fencing is the same as traditional fencing in several ways. First, the uniforms worn for protection are typically the same. Also, the sport requires quick reflexes and agility. An electronic signal box is connected to the athlete to detect when a touch happens. And lastly, the actual fencing equipment used is the same.

The difference is wheelchair fencers are not allowed to move. The chairs are anchored to the ground, and if any movement occurs, the duel is paused until that competitor is secured again. In traditional Olympic fencing, the first competitor to give fifteen touches wins, but in wheelchair fencing, the number is reduced to five. There are different categories of fencers for the Paralympics. The Paralympic Committee assigns each competitor a score based on his or her abilities, and that is what determines which category they compete in.

There are three styles of wheelchair fencing: foil, epee, and saber. Each discipline utilizes a different type of weapon and the rules and approach vary as well, which we will address a little later.

The saber is the lightest weapon and has a classic saber look with half-moon guard. The foil blade is light and has a small guard. The epee is the heaviest weapon of the three.

Part of the sporting equipment includes a custom wheelchair used during competitions. The chair is a certain height and locked into place, or stationary, while fencing against an opponent. You can start out using your everyday chair, according to Team USA Parafencer Ellen Geddes. “But it is built differently than the fencing chair. When you start thinking about heading to a competition, you should consider getting your own fencing chair,” she said.

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The main difference between Olympic and Paralympic fencing, according to Zeljkovic, is the fact that you are sitting in a chair and are stationary. “Instead of moving back and forth with your feet, you are moving your body instead. The technique is similar.”

When competing in parafencing, the goal or objective is to earn points through touches to your opponent. Each competitor has an electronic scoring machine attached to their equipment that helps determine who gets the touch, or point. “Once you get locked into frame, plug into the scoring machine, and make sure you are comfortable with everything, you salute the referee and your opponent and the competition begins,” Geddes said.

A typical match, or bout, lasts three minutes and the first competitor to get five points wins. How you earn the point though varies greatly depending on which discipline you are competing in.

In foil, the torso area is the only legal target. In epee, the target is anything above the waist and whoever hits first gets the point (both fencers can earn a point if they touch at the same time). In saber, the target area is the same as epee and the point is determined based who has right of way.

At a competition, fencers are broken up into pools, with four to eight competitors in each pool. “You fence everyone in your pool and if you’ve done well enough, you can qualify for the next round, “Geddes said. After the pools, fencers are ranked and placed into elimination brackets. Those bouts also last three minutes but the winner is determined by who gets to fifteen touches. The fencer who moves through all the elimination bouts is declared the champion.

A MENTAL GAME

Given the comparison of parafencing to physical chess, it is as much a cognitive sport as it a physical one. “I like fencing, because it challenges you mentally and physically,” said Shelby Jensen, a Team USA member and Move United Elite Team Member. “You are trying to predict the opponent’s move three steps ahead. You can be as physically in shape as you want, but opponents who have the mental game down can beat you.” Geddes agrees. “You are trying to learn your opponent. Your opponent is very much a puzzle and you are figuring out what you can get them to react to, so you can get them to make mistakes.”

TRAINING TIPS

To get started in competition, there are several local tournaments that exist around the country. Eventually, you can work your way up to international tournaments. For those that want to compete at the highest level, Zeljkovic suggested it can take two to four years of serious training to become an elite fencer. “The more experience you have, the better fencer you will be. I want our fencers to be athletes first, then fencers. And it requires training, just like every other sport.”

“If you really want to compete at the elite level, it really is a full-time job,” Branch said. Branch watches tons of footage and does lots of analysis to improve his skills. Jensen trains five to six days a week. She too has watched tons of footage. “I have watched the Rio matches twenty or more times,” she said. “I also read, meditate and visualize. Physically, Geddes balances her training between regular cardio activities, weight training to stave off muscle injury, and body work in her chair to practice different techniques and moves.

There are many benefits to fencing. Whether or not you want to compete, or if you are competing at the elite level, or winning or losing, Zeljkovic says it is about improving yourself. “It allows you to be a better person or do things you may not have thought you could do. It is about feeling better, having a great time, and being a part of a community. You also think faster and develop discipline.”

About a half dozen Move United member organizations offer parafencing as one of the sporting options. You can check that list out at moveunitedsport.org/chapters/location-map/. But there are dozens of parafencing clubs across the country. Go to usafencing.org/parafencing-clubs to find the closest one to you. More and more fencing clubs are becoming more accessible and offering parafencing at their facility as well.

“I would recommend giving wheelchair fencing a try,” Jensen said, “It has helped me immensely with my disability and I never thought I would go this far, but it is possible for you as well.”

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